9. This word I was unable to find in the Oxford English Dictionary and therefore I don't understand fully what the line means.
10. Over-wiseness, although not a word now, literally means being exceedingly wise (OED). Today a synonym might be pride, as in assuming that one has utter knowledge of a subject, when in fact one doesn't.
11. Physic refers to medicine (New Oxford Book)
12. Prevention, rather than meaning avoiding a certain action, simply referred to an anticipation of the expected. According to the OED, in the sixteenth century, prevention meant an "action of one person or thing before another, or before the due time" (OED).
13. Soundness refers to solidity, strength of argument, lack of defect or damage. Esteeming refers to value or worth. (OED)
14. Profoundness refers to depth of learning, thought, or meaning (OED). The use of the word in this line seems to suggest that schools lack actually depth of learning, only possessing a facade of intellect and profundity.
15. Blabbing refers to indiscreet talking or a publishing or revealing of secrets (OED).